In the Hebrew Bible, Chemosh (/?ki?m??/; from Hebrew: ????????? [ke?mo?]), was the god of the Moabites (Num. 21:29; Jer. 48:7, 13, 46). The etymology of "Chemosh" is unknown. He is also known from Ebla as Kamish.
Chemosh was the national deity of the Moabites whose name most likely meant "destroyer," "subduer," or "fish god." While he is most readily associated with the Moabites, according to Judges 11:24 he seems to have been the national deity of the Ammonites as well. His presence in the Old Testament world was well known, as his cult was imported to Jerusalem by King Solomon (1 Kings 11:7). The Hebrew scorn for his worship was evident in a curse from the scriptures: "the abomination of Moab." King Josiah destroyed the Israelite branch of the cult (2 Kings 23).
According to the Hebrew Bible, the worship of this god, "the abomination of Moab," was introduced at Jerusalem by Solomon (1 Kings 11:7), but was abolished by Josiah (2 Kings 23:13). (Note: The Talmud quoted by Rashi says that his wives built the temples and he is considered responsible for not stopping them.) On the Moabite stone, Mesha (2 Kings 3:5) ascribed his victories over the king of Israel to this god, "And Chemosh drove him before my sight." 0049世界@名無史さん垢版2014/05/28(水) 23:39:42.830 王の道 (パレスチナ) http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%81%93_(%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Ancient_Levant_routes.png/800px-Ancient_Levant_routes.png
Ammon (Hebrew: ???????, Modern Ammon Tiberian ?Ammon ; "People"; Arabic: ?????, translit.: ?Amm?n; Greek: Αμμονιοι), also referred to as the Ammonites and children of Ammon, was an ancient nation best known from the Old Testament, which describes Ammon as located east of the Jordan River, Gilead, and the Dead Sea, in present-day Jordan.[1][2][3]
The chief city of the country was Rabbah or Rabbath Ammon, site of the modern city of Amman, Jordan's capital. Milcom and Molech (who may be one and the same) are named in the Bible as the gods of Ammon.[4]
カラクの十字軍の城は、シリアにあるクラック・デ・シュヴァリエなどと並び保存状態が非常に良い。 ケラク城は1142年、エルサレム王フールクの部下ペイヤン・ル・ボーテイエ(Payen le Bouteiller)の手によって建設が始まった。 十字軍の間ではこの城はクラック・デ・モアビテ(Crac des Moabites、モアブの城)またはモアブのケラク(Kerak in Moab)などと呼ばれていた。 城は古くからこの地にあった高名な教会・ナザレ教会の周囲に築かれている。
In Biblical times, the Arava was a center of copper production; King Solomon is believed to have had mines here. The Arabah was home to the Edomites (Edom was called "Idumea" in Roman times). East of the Arabah was the domain of the Nabateans, the builders of the city of Petra.
Kibbutz Yotvata founded in 1957, was named for an ancient town in the area mentioned in the Bible. Kibbutz Lotan has a bird-watching center. The oldest moshav in the central Arava area is Ein Yahav.
The Israel?Jordan Peace Treaty was signed in the Arava on October 26, 1994. The governments of Jordan and Israel are promoting development of the region. There is a plan to bring sea water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea through a canal (Red?Dead Seas Canal), which follows along the Arabah. This (long envisioned) project was once an issue of dispute between Jordan and Israel, but it was recently agreed that the project shall be constructed on and by the Jordanian side.
Herodotus divided the Achaemenid Empire into 20 districts. The following is a description of the ethnic makeup of the districts and the amount they paid in taxes, translated from Herodotus' Histories.
1 Archaeology 1.1 Chalcolithic (4500?3500 BCE) 1.2 Early Bronze Age (3500?2350 BCE) 1.3 Middle Bronze Age (2000?1550 BCE) 1.4 Late Bronze Age (1550?1200 BCE) 1.5 Iron Age I (1200?980/70 BCE) 1.6 Iron Age IIa (1000?900 BCE) 1.6.1 Necropolis 1.7 Iron Age IIIb (8th century ? 586 BCE) 1.8 Babylonian and Persian periods (586?322 BCE) 1.9 Hasmonean and Herodian periods (167 BCE ? 70 CE) 1.10 New Testament references for the City of David being Bethlehem 1.11 Byzantine and early Islamic Periods (324?1099 CE) 0061世界@名無史さん垢版2014/06/07(土) 19:57:04.240>>59ふむふむ
1-00件 Aratta kingdom, c. 2700 BC 2-00件 Elamite Empire, c. 2700 ? 519 BC 3-10件 Western Kingdoms, c. 2550?c. 700 BC 4-20件 Northwestern Kingdoms, c. 2550 ? 521 BC 5-07件 Southern Kingdoms, 27th century?550 BC 0066世界@名無史さん垢版2014/06/27(金) 22:21:12.750>>64 ものはここにありそうだが、はたして?
ヤジディ教は長く続く信仰で、イスラム教の教えにゾロアスター教や古代ペルシャの宗教、さらには地中海東部に起源を持つ謎の多い宗教のミトラ教が入り交じり、口伝えによる豊かな伝統を持つ。 このようにさまざまな信仰体系が混合された宗教はシンクレティズム(混交主義)と呼ばれるが、この点もイスラム教徒から異端の烙印を押される理由の1つとなっている。 その正確な起源については依然として議論があるものの、一部の研究者の説によれば、ヤジディ教は12世紀に形成されたという。 この時期にはスーフィー(イスラム教神秘主義)の指導者、アディ・イブン・ムサフィル(Adi ibn Musafir)がクルディスタン地域に居を構え、 イスラム教徒と地元に残るゾロアスター教の信仰の要素を合わせたコミュニティーを創設している。 0073世界@名無史さん垢版2014/09/05(金) 00:29:35.410 聖都ラリッシュ build 1986 BCE District Shekhan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalish http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhan_District
Lalish (Kurdish: Lali?, also called Lali?a Nurani), is a small mountain valley village situated in the Shekhan District of Nineveh Province in northern Iraq. It is the location of the tomb of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir (?ex Adi), the main figure of the Yazidi faith.[1] The village is above the town of Shekhan, the town with the second largest population of Yazidi Kurds.[2] The village is about thirty-six miles north-east of Mosul.[3]
At least once in their lifetime, Yazidis are expected to make a six-day pilgrimage to Lalish to visit the tomb of ?ex Adi and other sacred places.[1] These other sacred places are shrines dedicated to other holy beings. There are two sacred springs called Zamzam, which is in a cave below Skeikh Adi's sanctuary, and K?niy?. Lalish is also the location of pirr? sel?t (?er?? Bridge) and a mountain called Mt. ?Araf?t sites significant in other faiths. Yazidis living in the region are also expected to make a yearly pilgrimage to attend the autumn seven day Feast of the Assembly,[3] which is celebrated from 23 Ayl?l to 1 Ta?r?n I. 0074世界@名無史さん垢版2014/09/05(金) 00:39:18.380 イラク、聖地を追われるヤジディ教徒 http://www.nationalgeographic.co.jp/news/news_article.php?file_id=20140904001
参考文献: Behar DM. et al.(2010): The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people. Nature, 466, 238-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature091030082世界@名無史さん垢版2014/10/05(日) 10:56:58.090 ここにはまだ載ってないね
But there is a slight kink in the story, as K14 also belonged to Y-haplogroup C which is predominantly East Asian/Ocenian/Native American today. So, maybe there is some distant link to these populations in its ancestry.
But, there is definitely a link to much more recent Europeans: the tiny percentage of living Europeans who have preserved K14's Y-chromosomal type (some of which were doubtlessly told a few years back that they were descendants of Genghis Khan, before the phylogenetic structure of C was known), the La Brana hunter-gatherer from Mesolithic Spain, as well as Neolithic Europeans from Hungary.
The K14 sample used in this study was obtained from the left tibia (dorsal side of the shaft). Note that the tibia was washed before sampling. As described in S1, the skeleton has been directly dated to 38,684 - 36,262 cal BP. According to the complete mitochondrial sequence of the tibia that has been characterized in previous ancient DNA analyses,
the K14 individual belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup U2 (131).
Two other samples, K1 and K15, were also analyzed but endogenous DNA contents and levels of contamination by modern humans were found incompatible with the characterization of the whole genome sequence by shotgun sequencing. 0095世界@名無史さん垢版2014/11/10(月) 21:28:52.110>>93 Fig. S23 を見る限り リアルプロメテウスってやつか、、、 0096世界@名無史さん垢版2014/11/22(土) 20:13:09.190>>93
This is a very exciting paper. Most of these lineages are so young that there are good chances that their founders were figures from history or mythology.
The most interesting one is DC2 which was also found in south Siberian Kurgans, belongs to haplogroup R1a1 and is given an age of 3,284 years by the authors (with some almost impossibly wide confidence intervals).
Based on its distribution, and if a Bronze Age date is right, it is difficult to see in it anything other than a patrilineage that was present in Proto-Indo-Iranians.
3 Tiglath-Pileser III, 744?727 BC 3.1 Invasion of Israel (738 BC) 4 Sargonid dynasty 4.1 Sargon II, 721?705 BC 4.2 Sennacherib, 705?681 BC 4.3 Esarhaddon, 681?669 BC 4.4 Ashurbanipal, 669?627 BC 4.4.1 Legacy of Ashurbanipal 0114世界@名無史さん垢版2015/01/21(水) 02:05:35.660>>111 はっはーん
In 1961, Israeli archaeologist Pessah Bar-Adon discovered a hoard of Chalcolithic artifacts in a cave on the northern side of Nahal Mishmar.[1] The hoard included 432 copper, bronze, ivory and stone decorated objects; 240 mace heads, about 100 scepters, 5 crowns, powder horns, tools and weapons.[2][3] Archaeologist David Ussishkin has suggested the hoard was the cultic furniture of the abandoned Chalcolithic Temple of Ein Gedi.[4][5] Prominent finds from the hoard are currently on display in the archaeology wing of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
Dating; use of lost-wax process[edit]
Many of these copper objects were made using the lost-wax process, the earliest known use of this complex technique.
"Carbon-14 dating of the reed mat in which the objects were wrapped suggests that it dates to at least 3500 B.C. It was in this period that the use of copper became widespread throughout the Levant, attesting to considerable technological developments that parallel major social advances in the region."[6]
Some of the tools in the hoard were made of arsenical bronze, or perhaps arsenical copper. Since they contain a rather high percentage of arsenic (4?12%), they should technically be described as arsenical bronze; also such objects have a bright, silvery appearance. Arsenic in copper makes is harder than pure copper and more easily cast. 0132世界@名無史さん垢版2015/02/07(土) 21:29:11.930 インドは中東やエジプトと同じくヘレニズム地域でしょ。古代ギリシアが起源なのは本当じゃん。 世界史の教科書にもアレキサンダー大王によるヘレニズムによって現在のそれらの地域のモデルが形成されたと書かれてる。 0133世界@名無史さん垢版2015/02/08(日) 12:23:01.860>>132 現在のそれらの地域のモデルが形成されたのは 少なくともイスラム以後 普通に考えたら大英帝国とその後 になると思います。 0134世界@名無史さん垢版2015/02/09(月) 13:01:49.930 イスラムはアレクサンドロス三世の遠征が起源だから当然じゃん 0135世界@名無史さん垢版2015/02/10(火) 00:01:42.770 お世話になります。 私、責任者の加茂と申します。以後、宜しくお願い致します。 http://www.apamanshop.com/membersite/27009206/images/kamo.jpg 浪速建設様の見解と致しましては、メールによる対応に関しましては 受付しないということで、当初より返信を行っていないようで、今後につい てもメールや書面での対応は致しかねるというお答えでした。 http://www.o-naniwa.com/index.html 事務員 東条 南野 http://www.o-naniwa.com/company/ 岡田常路 このように現在まで6通のメールを送られたとのことですが、結果一度も 返信がないとう状況になっています。 http://www.apamanshop-hd.co.jp/ 加茂正樹 舟橋大介 http://s-at-e.net/scurl/nibn-apaman.html 大村浩次 私どものほうでも現在までのメール履歴は随時削除を致しております ので実際に11通のメールを頂戴しているか不明なところであります。
The texts were written in Akkadian. These texts revealed that during this period the site was called Shusharra, that it was the capital of a polity called m?t Utem or "land of the gatekeeper" and that it was ruled by a man named Kuwari.[17]
Chronologically, the archive can be divided in two parts, one covering the period during which Shemshara was the capital of a small semi-independent kingdom, and one covering the period after Kuwari became a vassal of Shamshi-Adad, who at that time had already conquered Mari and Shubat-Enlil and was now campaigning in the Zagros Mountains. Together, these two periods do not last longer than 3 years.
The letters in the Shemshara archive show that during this period, Kuwari had to deal with Turukkean refugees coming from the east and fleeing a war with Guteans; events which are also mentioned in the much larger archives found in Mari on the Syrian Euphrates. 0154世界@名無史さん垢版2015/03/16(月) 02:59:06.160>>143 >とすると、シュメールの起源
The dichotomy structure of Y chromosome Haplogroup N
Haplogroup N-M231 of human Y chromosome is a common clade from Eastern Asia to Northern Europe, being one of the most frequent haplogroups in Altaic and Uralic-speaking populations. Using newly discovered bi-allelic markers from high-throughput DNA sequencing, we largely improved the phylogeny of Haplogroup N , in which 16 subclades could be identified by 33 SNPs.
More than 400 males belonging to Haplogroup N in 34 populations in China were successfully genotyped, and populations in Northern Asia and Eastern Europe were also compared together.
We found that all the N samples were typed as inside either clade N1-F1206 (including former N1a-M128, N1b-P43 and N1c-M46 clades), most of which were found in Altaic, Uralic, Russian and Chinese-speaking populations, or N2-F2930, common in Tibeto-Burman and Chinese-speaking populations.
Our detailed results suggest that Haplogroup N developed in the region of China since the final stage of late Paleolithic Era. 0163世界@名無史さん垢版2015/05/09(土) 21:49:54.550 ふーむふむ
参考文献: I. et al.(2015): Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature, 528, 7583, 499?503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature161520178世界@名無史さん垢版2016/01/25(月) 23:53:48.770>>177 これちょっと前に見たときに気になってたんだけど シンタシュタ/アンドロノブォ載ってるんだよね
a, Locations colour-coded by date, with a random jitter added for visibility (8 Afanasievo and Andronovo samples lie further east and are not shown).
b, Principal component analysis of 777 modern West Eurasian samples (grey), with 221 ancient samples projected onto the first two principal component axes and labelled by culture.
E/M/LN, Early/Middle/Late Neolithic; LBK, Linearbandkeramik; E/WHG, Eastern/Western hunter-gatherer; EBA, Early Bronze Age; IA, Iron Age; LNBA, Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. 0179世界@名無史さん垢版2016/04/18(月) 20:00:23.050 仏陀がヨガ修行者になる前の応じ時代にペルシャからバビロンまで拠点にしていたという 主張をする英語圏の学者がいる模様 0180世界@名無史さん垢版2016/04/18(月) 23:21:37.370 「王子だった時代」の間違い〜 0181世界@名無史さん垢版2016/08/20(土) 22:06:15.370 さて、久しぶりに確認してみようか ブランクが長すぎていろいろと怪しいが 0182世界@名無史さん垢版2016/08/20(土) 22:27:53.040 前にちらっと見てたときにこれが気になっていたのだが、、、
Comparison of Irish and Central European ancient genomes for haplotype-based affinity to modern populations. Interpolated heatmaps comparing relative haplotype donations by two Irish (Ballynahatty, Rathlin1) and two Hungarian (NE1, BR2) ancient genomes. 0183世界@名無史さん垢版2016/08/20(土) 22:38:08.120 オークニーの集団墓地のやつはどうなったんだろうか、、、
(1). The two most transformative are the arrival of agriculture (?3750 BC) followed by the onset of metallurgy (?2300 BC). The Neolithic package characterized by animal husbandry, cereal crops, ceramics, and timber houses reached the shores of Ireland some 5,000 years after its beginnings in the Near East. The second great wave of change starts with the appearance of copper mines, associated with Bell Beaker pottery, which are quickly followed by Bronze tool-making, weaponry, and gold-working, with distinct Food Vessel pottery succeeding from the earlier beakers
(2). This period coincides with the end of the large passage graves of Neolithic Ireland in favor of single burials and smaller wedge tombs.
To address this controversy, we present here the first, to our knowledge, genome-wide data from four ancient Irish individuals, a Neolithic woman (3343?3020 cal BC) from Ballynahatty, Co. Down, found in the context of an early megalithic passage-like grave, and three Early Bronze Age men from a cist burial in Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim (2026?1534 cal BC) with associated Food Vessel pottery (16) (SI Appendix, Section S1).
Molecular sex determination agreed with archaeological results (SI Appendix, Section S7), and whole mitochondrial chromosome haplogroups were assigned (Table 1 and SI Appendix, Section S7).
The Neolithic individual, Ballynahatty, belongs to HV0, a clade with highest frequencies seen in Early and Middle Neolithic (MN) groups from Germany and France (9, 17, 18) and which has not been identified in any Mesolithic Europeans.
The Bronze Age individuals belonged to the haplogroups U5 and J2b. Notably, the three Bronze Age males each belong to the Y chromosome haplogroup R1b1a2a1a2c (SI Appendix, Section S8). This lineage is characterized by a modern east?west frequency gradient in the British Isles, and is almost fixed (94%) in the West of Ireland (19, 20).
R1b haplotypes have been argued as first appearing with steppe incursion in the central European Bronze Age (9). 0186世界@名無史さん垢版2016/11/21(月) 19:50:19.690 私は元創価の会員でした。 すぐ隣に防衛省の背広組みの官舎があるのですが、 自分の家の窓にUSB接続のwebカメラを貼り付けて、そこの動画を撮影し続け、 学会本部に送っていました。
(a) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup frequencies of three ancient and two modern-day populations,
(b) Principal Component Analysis based on haplogroup frequencies: (sub-Saharan Africa (green), North Africa (light green), Near East (orange), Europe (yellow), ancient (blue),
(c) MDS of HVR-I sequence data: colour scheme as above; note that ancient groups were pooled,
(d) Skygrid plot depicting effective population size estimates over the last 5,000 years in Egypt. Vertical bars indicate the ages of the analysed 90 mitochondrial genomes (three samples with genome-wide data highlighted in red). Note that the values on y axis are given in female effective population size times generation time and were rescaled by 1:14.5 for the estimation of the studied population size (assuming 29-year generation time and equal male and female effective population sizes) (images by Kerttu Majander). 0190世界@名無史さん垢版2017/06/03(土) 13:23:33.040>>188
(a) Principal Component Analysis-based genome-wide SNP data of three ancient Egyptians, 2,367 modern individuals and 294 previously published ancient genomes,
(b) subset of the full ADMIXTURE analysis (Supplementary Fig. 4).
(a) Outgroup f3-statistics measuring shared drift of the three ancient Egyptian samples and other modern and ancient populations, (b) The data shown in a, compared with the same estimates for modern Egyptians, ordered by shared drift with modern Egyptians, (c) Admixture f3-statistics, testing whether modern Egyptians are mixed from ancient Egyptians and some other source. The most negative Z-scores indicate the most likely source populations.