0038マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:56:43.78ID:rSED7LqK Nanjing Massacre Survivor Dies 南京大虐殺の生存者が他界 May 30, 2018 Qiu Xiuying, an 88-year-old survivor of the Nanjing Massacre, died on Tuesday afternoon in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province, the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders said. Born in 1930, Qiu was hiding in a cellar with four family members when China’s then-capital was captured by the Japanese army in December 1937. Her mother was shot dead, the bullets piercing her shoulder and chest, when she left the cellar one day. The four remaining family members later hid in the premises of a foreign food-processing company but were found by the Japanese and sent to the Yangtze River for execution. They managed to sneak away from the column of captured Chinese being escorted to the river and avoided execution by hiding in a shed made of straw. Qiu had been to Japan several times to testify against Japanese right-wingers who rejected the facts of the Nanjing Massacre. Fewer than 90 registered survivors of the massacre are still alive. http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/news/newsmakers/18051/1459-1.htm0039マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:56:56.88ID:w+CYBXU8 Memorial service held for late Nanjing Massacre survivor 亡くなった南京大虐殺生存者のために記念式典が開かれる 2018-06-01 19:31:29 NANJING, June 1 (Xinhua) -- A light representing Qiu Xiuying on a wall commemorating Nanjing Massacre survivors has been turned off, signaling her passing. Qiu, 88, died on Tuesday afternoon in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province. On Friday, a memorial service was held at the Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders. Her family members, staff of the memorial hall, and visitors stood in silent tribute. They laid flowers and bowed to show their respect. In December 1937, Japanese invaders captured Nanjing, then China's capital, and killed about 300,000 Chinese during a six-week atrocity. Qiu survived, hiding in a basement with four family members. But her mother was shot dead when she left the basement one day. Zhang Jianjun, curator of the memorial hall, said the survivors are the living witnesses of history and their experiences are proof of the atrocities by the Japanese invaders. "Although my mother has passed away, I will continue telling our future generations what happened," said Li Jincheng, Qiu's son. According to Zhang, there are only 100 registered survivors who are still alive. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/01/c_137223538.htm0040マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:57:06.82ID:rSED7LqK Details About The Rape Of Nanking You'll Never Unlearn 南京大虐殺についてあなたがまだ習っていない11の事実 The Rape of Nanking is one of the most brutal moments in the history of humanity. Chinese civilians in the then-capital of the Republic of China were tortured, raped, and killed in shocking numbers over a span of six weeks. Also known as the Nanjing Massacre, the event followed one of the battles that involved China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The war was a bloody conflict between Japan and the Republic of China from 1937 to 1945. Tensions had been running high between the two countries because their politics and beliefs viciously collided. Then, Japan decided a full-scale invasion was necessary according to its imperialist policies and thus began the Second Sino-Japanese War. Photos of the Second Sino-Japanese War reveal that Japan was initially successful in its military campaign. They captured Nanjing in 1937, which was the capital of China at the time, and continued to spread across their enemy's territory with plans to conquer as much land as possible. Japanese soldiers were told to annihilate both the city and the residents. What followed such vicious orders were mass killings of Chinese citizens, from infants to the elderly. Historians have always debated the death toll, though most agree that around 300,000 perished in the Nanjing Massacre. The atrocities committed against the non-combatant Chinese citizens in the city of Nanjing are sickening. It took several decades for Japan to even acknowledge that mass murder occurred in Nanjing because the horrors were excused as a natural result of military conflict. Below, you will find grisly and abhorrent details about the Rape of Nanking that will stay with you forever. Be warned: both the text and the photos contain graphic content. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0041マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:57:30.50ID:rSED7LqK The Chinese Government Pulled Out Nearly All Military Troops From Nanjing And Forbade Citizens From Fleeing As Japan Marched Closer 中国政府はほぼ全ての軍を南京から退却させ、日本軍の進軍に対して市民に脱出を禁じた Japan turned its attention on Nanjing after capturing Shanghai in a brutal battle. The Chinese government was afraid of losing its army in a head-on battle against Japan. Thus, almost all troops were pulled out of Nanjing, save for "untrained auxiliary troops." Chinese civilians knew that Japanese invaders were coming, but the government would not let them evacuate. Civilians grew fearful as the armies of their enemy marched ever closer. Many decided to flee despite the government's orders, and by the time the Japanese arrived on December 13, 1937, approximately 500,000 people remained in Nanjing. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0042マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:57:55.26ID:rSED7LqK Mass Executions Took Place Immediately すぐさま大量の処刑が始まった Hubert Sone was a methodist missionary in China when the Rape of Nanjing began in December 1937. He documented the horrors he witnessed as the Japanese invaded the city on the very first day. "The Japanese soldiers came into the city in quite large numbers on Monday, Dec. 13. Many civilians were killed on the spot - shot or bayoneted. Everyone who ran, and many were frightened on the first appearance of the troops, was immediately shot." Sone also documented the mass executions he witnessed in the following weeks: "They shot and bayoneted on the spot and without question anyone whom they might consider to be a soldier. As a result, great numbers of people were shot down, even though in civilian clothes. [...] The streets were literally littered with the dead." https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0043マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:58:11.26ID:rSED7LqK Japanese Soldiers Raped Any Women They Saw And Murdered Them In Horrific Ways 日本兵は目にした女性を誰でもレイプし、恐ろしい方法で殺した As the Japanese soldiers swarmed through the city, no one was safe - especially the Chinese women. The Japanese troops went from house to house, looking for Chinese soldiers to execute. Whenever they found a woman, they proceeded to rape her and sometimes even killed her. Not only were the rapings horrific, the executions were also sickening. Japanese soldiers would kill the women " in a number of horrific ways, including having their vaginas being penetrated with bayonets, bamboo poles, and other objects. Others were captured and held as sex slaves." Gang raping and brutal murder became normal in Nanjing. Japanese soldiers knew there were no consequences for their actions, and the brutality grew worse and worse. Pregnant women were stabbed in the belly, some had their breasts sliced off, and others were nailed to walls while they were still alive. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0044マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:58:24.19ID:w+CYBXU8 Children Were Not Spared 子供も例外ではなかった The children of Nanjing were shown no mercy from the Japanese soldiers. Some were beaten until they were maimed for life, losing their eyesight or limbs. Others were shot or stabbed to death after their mothers were raped and killed. Girls as young as 13 were gang raped, and babies were tossed in the air and pierced by bayonets for sport. One account tells of a five-year-old boy who was injured by a grenade carelessly thrown by Japanese soldiers. The soldiers couldn't catch a chicken, so they decided to blow it up. The boy was caught in the blast, and suffered grave injuries and the loss of an eye. A Japanese soldier recounted how, when he stumbled upon a Chinese woman and her baby, he became so enraged by the incessant crying of the child that he tore the babe from the screaming mother's arms and tossed it into a boiling vat of water. When the mother attempted to rescue her child, he kicked her and raped her. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0045マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 21:58:50.74ID:w+CYBXU8 Some Women Were Kept As Sex Slaves 女性の一部は性奴隷にされた Rape ran rampant throughout the six weeks of the Nanjing Massacre. The open assaults shocked civilians as Japanese soldiers went from house to house, looking for any female victims. Eventually, soldiers grew tired of having to find women, so they began to take them away and stockpile them in houses as sex slaves. A fifteen-year-old girl told John G. Magee, an American missionary, about such an experience: "She was carried off to some barracks where there were some 200 to 300 soldiers. She was kept in a room and her clothes taken away and there raped a number of times daily for about a month and a half when she took sick and they were afraid to use her. She told me that there were a number of other girls held there in the same way as herself." https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0046マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:00:54.45ID:JSS0Jpvw Thousands Were Executed And Tossed Into Mass Graves 大量の人々が処刑され、集団墓地に投げ捨てられた Thousands of Chinese soldiers and civilians captured during the invasion found themselves taken in large groups to ditches, where they were executed and tossed into mass graves. The largest of these graves became known as the Ten Thousand Corpse Ditch. The ditch was a trench that was five meters wide and 300 meters long, and it is believed at that least 12,000 bodies were thrown into the mass grave. Tillman Durdin, an American reporter for the New York Times, recalled how horrific the executions were. He remembered how in a span of ten minutes, 200 people were murdered. He writes: "I was 29 and it was my first big story for the New York Times. So I drove down to the waterfront in my car. And to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there. The car just had to drive over these dead bodies. And the scene on the river front, as I waited for the launch [...] was of a group of smoking, chattering Japanese officers overseeing the massacring of a battalion of Chinese captured troops. They were marching about in groups of about 15, machine-gunning them." https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0047マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:01:21.29ID:JSS0Jpvw Chinese Prisoners Were Buried Alive 中国人捕虜は生きたまま埋められた With the initial invasion of Nanjing came several executions. While gunning down victims and throwing the bodies into trenches was a common practice, so was burying them alive. Groups of victims would be forced into a hole and have dirt heaped on top of them as several Japanese soldiers watched. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie
The Japanese Soldiers Set Captured Prisoners On Fire 日本兵は捕えられた捕虜に火を放った Being captured did not mean safety as a prisoner-of-war. Indeed, it was a guarantee of a potentially more gruesome death. For many of the soldiers, their gruesome treatment of captured Chinese people was nothing more than a game. Some prisoners were tied together in groups, doused in fuel, and lit on fire. Some groups had grenades tossed amidst them. One female caked herself in mud to hide, but was found, locked in a shed with straw, and burned to death. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie
Live Chinese Prisoners Were Used In Practice Drills By The Japanese Soldiers 中国人捕虜は生きたまま日本兵の演習に使われた Japanese soldiers used Chinese soldiers in live demonstrations about how to kill with a bayonete. Chinese troops were slaughtered in practice drills outlining the most effective way to behead enemies. https://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie0048マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:01:44.81ID:JSS0Jpvw Nanjing Was Razed To The Ground 南京は完全な廃墟と化した The city of Nanjing was essentially burned to the ground. Accounts tell of how the Japanese troops seemed to be systematically destroying the city: "The homes of many people have been burned, and shops and stores are still burning. Every day and night fires can be seen in the city. Nearly all of Taiping and Chung Hwa Roads have been burned. Nearly all the important business and shopping districts have been burned. [...] So the people cannot all go home even when they might be able to. Many of the villages outside the city have been burned."
It Took Almost 60 Years For Japan To Formally Apologize 日本の公式な謝罪まで60年に及ぶ歳月を要した Many in 21st century Japan are skeptical about the extent of crimes perpetuated during those six weeks of the Rape of Nanjing. Though most acknowledge that horrible crimes have happened, there remains a lot of controversy as to the death toll and the atrocity of the event. The controversy has raged for decades, despite legal decisions made at the war crimes tribunals after the war ended. Almost 60 years after those fateful events took place, the Japanese Prime Minister kind of apologized for Japan's actions in China. It was not a direct apology, which angered some people in China. Xinhua, a Chinese news agency, wrote: "Instead of offering an unambiguous apology, Abe’s statement is rife with rhetorical twists like ‘maintain our position of apology’ – dead giveaways of his deep-rooted historical revisionism, which has haunted Japan’s neighbourhood relations." There are a few in Japan who still believe that the massacre never took place, though is a bit rare. The issue of Nanking continues to be one of the most formative events in the relationships between Japan and most of east Asia. hhttps://www.ranker.com/list/nanking-massacre-details/brian-guthrie 0049マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:02:18.68ID:JSS0Jpvw HISTORY.COM ヒストリードットコム Nanking Massacre 南京大虐殺 In late 1937, over a period of six weeks, Imperial Japanese Army forces brutally murdered hundreds of thousands of people-including both soldiers and civilians–in the Chinese city of Nanking (or Nanjing). The horrific events are known as the Nanking Massacre or the Rape of Nanking, as between 20,000 and 80,000 women were sexually assaulted. Nanking, then the capital of Nationalist China, was left in ruins, and it would take decades for the city and its citizens to recover from the savage attacks. https://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre0050マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:02:37.25ID:JSS0Jpvw Preparing for Invasion 侵略の準備 Following a bloody victory in Shanghai during the Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese turned their attention towards Nanking. Fearful of losing them in battle, Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-Shek ordered the removal of nearly all official Chinese troops from the city, leaving it defended by untrained auxiliary troops. Chiang also ordered the city held at any cost, and forbade the official evacuation of its citizens. Many ignored this order and fled, but the rest were left to the mercy of the approaching enemy. Did You Know? Once one of China's most prosperous cities and industrial centers, Nanking took decades to recover from the devastation it experienced. Abandoned as the national capital in 1949 for Beijing, it grew into a modern industrial city during the communist period and today is home to many of China's largest state-owned firms. A small group of Western businessmen and missionaries, the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone, attempted to set up a neutral area of the city that would provide refuge for Nanking’s citizens. The safety zone, opened in November 1937, was roughly the size of New York’s Central Park and consisted of more than a dozen small refugee camps. On December 1, the Chinese government abandoned Nanking, leaving the International Committee in charge. All remaining citizens were ordered into the safety zone for their protection. https://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre0051マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:05:24.53ID:JSS0Jpvw Arrival of the Troops 軍隊の到着 On December 13, the first troops of Japan’s Central China Front Army, commanded by General Matsui Iwane, entered the city. Even before their arrival, word had begun spreading of the numerous atrocities they had committed on their way through China, including killing contests and pillaging. Chinese soldiers were hunted down and killed by the thousands, and left in mass graves. Entire families were massacred, and even the elderly and infants were targeted for execution, while tens of thousands of women were raped. Bodies littered the streets for months after the attack. Determined to destroy the city, the Japanese looted and burned at least one-third of Nanking’s buildings. Though the Japanese initially agreed to respect the Nanking Safety Zone, ultimately not even these refugees were safe from the vicious attacks. In January 1938, the Japanese declared that order had been restored in the city, and dismantled the safety zone; killings continued until the first week of February. A puppet government was installed, which would rule Nanking until the end of World War II. https://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre0052マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:07:29.07ID:w+CYBXU8 Aftermath of the Massacre 大虐殺後 There are no official numbers for the death toll in the Nanking Massacre, though estimates range from 200,000 to 300,000 people. Soon after the end of the war, Matsui and his lieutenant Tani Hisao, were tried and convicted for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and were executed. Anger over the events at Nanking continues to color Sino-Japanese relations to this day. The true nature of the massacre has been disputed and exploited for propaganda purposes by historical revisionists, apologists and Japanese nationalists. Some claim the numbers of deaths have been inflated, while others have denied that any massacre occurred. https://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre0053マンセー名無しさん2018/06/05(火) 22:08:37.58ID:w+CYBXU8 In 1928, the Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of China from Peking (Beijing) to Nanking. The city normally held about 250,000 people, but by the mid-1930s its population had swollen to more than 1 million. Many of them were refugees, fleeing from the Japanese armies which had invaded China. On November 11, 1937, after securing control of Shanghai, the Japanese army advanced towards Nanking from different directions. In early December, the Japanese troops were already in the outskirts of Nanking. http://nanking-massacre.com/
On December 9, the Japanese troops launched a massive attack upon the city. On the 12th, the defending Chinese troops decided to retreat to the other side of the Yangtze River (Yangzi Jiang). On December 13, the 6th and 16th Divisions of the Japanese Army entered the city’ s Zhongshan and Pacific Gates. In the afternoon, two Japanese Navy fleets arrived. In the following six weeks, the occupying forces engaged in an orgy of looting and mass execution which came to be known as the Nanking Massacre. Most experts agree that at least 300,000 Chinese died, and 20,000 women were raped. Some estimate the numbers to be much higher – 340,000 and 80,000 respectively. http://nanking-massacre.com/
