0186マンセー名無しさん2019/03/13(水) 19:11:57.78ID:vLoq6+E5 PM2.5:韓国環境部「15%は北朝鮮から降ってきた」 http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/16151417/0187マンセー名無しさん2019/03/14(木) 19:10:09.76ID:8XYTJD14 アメポチって何か悲しいな http://lavender.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/korea/1538838619/0188マンセー名無しさん2019/03/19(火) 03:20:02.81ID:k90+ywTw 日本書紀に基づいて進化論否定する奴いるってマジなん? 0189マンセー生物学2019/03/19(火) 19:53:54.37ID://6LsHKR Nucleotides are joined together by a phosphodiester linkage between 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms to form nucleic acids. The linear sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain is commonly abbreviated by a one-letter code, such as A—G—C—T—T—A—C—A, with the 5’ end of the chain at the left. 0190マンセー生物学2019/03/19(火) 19:57:19.48ID://6LsHKR>>188 初耳やなあ 神道も宗教やからおるかもしれんな 幸福の科学は日本書紀に基づいてへんけど進化論否定やなかったか? 0191マンセー名無しさん2019/03/19(火) 21:10:02.06ID:zk4v3ai0 キムチの乳酸菌に育毛効果が? http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/16183042/0192マンセー名無しさん2019/03/20(水) 03:31:45.92ID:n3+6i+Xa>>190 ワイも単語でggった時のyahoo知恵袋の回答でちらっとこういう奴らが居ますよーって聞いただけなんや 正直進化論と神道やアミニズムは競合しないと思っとったから驚いてわざわざ聞きに来たんやけど 多数派や無いっぽいな
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability
SUMMARY Animals need oxygen for the conversion of food into useful energy. The fundamental importance of oxygen has been understood for centuries, but how cells adapt to changes in levels of oxygen has long been unknown. William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza discovered how cells can sense and adapt to changing oxygen availability. They identified molecular machinery that regulates the activity of genes in response to varying levels of oxygen.
The seminal discoveries by this year’s Nobel Laureates revealed the mechanism for one of life’s most essential adaptive processes. They established the basis for our understanding of how oxygen levels affect cellular metabolism and physiological function. Their discoveries have also paved the way for promising new strategies to fight anemia, cancer and many other diseases. 0283マンセー名無しさん2019/10/15(火) 23:09:46.02ID:iXzYpn4A Oxygen at center stage Oxygen, with the formula O2, makes up about one fifth of Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen is essential for animal life: it is used by the mitochondria present in virtually all animal cells in order to convert food into useful energy. Otto Warburg, the recipient of the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, revealed that this conversion is an enzymatic process.
During evolution, mechanisms developed to ensure a sufficient supply of oxygen to tissues and cells. The carotid body, adjacent to large blood vessels on both sides of the neck, contains specialized cells that sense the blood’s oxygen levels. The 1938 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Corneille Heymans awarded discoveries showing how blood oxygen sensing via the carotid body controls our respiratory rate by communicating directly with the brain. 0284マンセー名無しさん2019/10/15(火) 23:12:00.51ID:iXzYpn4A HIF enters the scene In addition to the carotid body-controlled rapid adaptation to low oxygen levels (hypoxia), there are other fundamental physiological adaptations. A key physiological response to hypoxia is the rise in levels of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which leads to increased production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). The importance of hormonal control of erythropoiesis was already known at the beginning of the 20th century, but how this process was itself controlled by O2 remained a mystery.
Gregg Semenza studied the EPO gene and how it is regulated by varying oxygen levels. By using gene-modified mice, specific DNA segments located next to the EPO gene were shown to mediate the response to hypoxia. Sir Peter Ratcliffe also studied O2-dependent regulation of the EPO gene, and both research groups found that the oxygen sensing mechanism was present in virtually all tissues, not only in the kidney cells where EPO is normally produced. These were important findings showing that the mechanism was general and functional in many different cell types.
Semenza wished to identify the cellular components mediating this response. In cultured liver cells he discovered a protein complex that binds to the identified DNA segment in an oxygen-dependent manner. He called this complex the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) . Extensive efforts to purify the HIF complex began, and in 1995, Semenza was able to publish some of his key findings, including identification of the genes encoding HIF. HIF was found to consist of two different DNA-binding proteins, so called transcription factors, now named HIF-1α and ARNT. Now the researchers could begin solving the puzzle, allowing them to understand which additional components were involved and how the machinery works. 0285マンセー名無しさん2019/10/15(火) 23:12:21.80ID:85vQiULz エピジェネティックな作用機序を勉強するんだ✌