You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied, one time or another, without it was Aunt Polly, or the widow, or maybe Mary. Aunt Polly--Tom’s Aunt Polly, she is--and Mary, and the Widow Douglas is all told about in that book, which is mostly a true book, with some stretchers, as I said before. 0338名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アンパン 0d92-io1L)2020/04/04(土) 17:52:18.55ID:3kyEfxgF00404>>337 難しいですね。 without you *(who)* have read ain't no matter <---二重否定 without it Aunt Polly or...は正しくはAunt Polly ...do not have it. the Widow Douglas is 正しくはthe Widow Douglas are 0339名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa13-7SiO)2020/04/04(土) 22:09:50.18ID:p9UItgfEa 古臭くて、くだらない英語の小説なんか苦労して読む必要ないと思う。 長い時間かけて難問パズルを解くかのように英語の本と格闘して、 その影響でまともな日本の文献を読む時間も奪われるので馬鹿に なってしまうよ。 英語好きって結構、一般常識のない馬鹿が多いのだよ。この掲示板を 見れば一目瞭然だ。 まずは英字新聞を読むことだね。トランプがどうしたとかのつまらない 記事ばかりじゃない。経済、社会、スポーツ、文化、芸能・・・いろんな記事が ある。世の中の出来事、全てのことが対象だから読んでいるだけで物知りに なってしまう。 「事実は小説より奇なり」・・・、調査レポートなんか特に面白い。自分の興味 のある分野の記事は容易に見つけることができるだろう。小説なんか短編で あっても読み終えるのに何日もかかるだろうし、まだ、読む実力がついていな い段階ではきっと途中で飽きてしまって長続きしないだろう。 まずは、英字新聞で語彙力を増加し、読解力を鍛えることが、結局は英文小説 を読む早道なのであるさw。
When Aart van Waal chose 20 years ago to fish eel rather than join the legal profession, he did not expect to be told someday to make a choice between making a living and breaking the law. The burly 40-year-old, a tattooed Rolling Stones fan, says he has made a comfortable enough living so far. But he is finding a waning October moon welcome, and not just because it provides the best opportunity to catch eels. It also offers some cover as he breaks a Dutch government ban on commercial eel fishing, risking a fine of $4,400. Fishing the muddy, shallow canals near his home for the plump eels that the Dutch consider a delicacy―smoked and served on toast or in sandwiches― and which are eaten in stews across Europe, is no longer allowed during October and November.・・・・(Limits on eel harvest threaten Dutch tradition) 0341名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイW e59d-Gpp1)2020/04/04(土) 22:14:02.18ID:QbMyehJ/0>>336 間違えた、moon riverだったw オードリーヘップバーンの映画、ティファニーで朝食を かな My ハックルベリフレンド♪ みたいな歌詞 0342名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa13-7SiO)2020/04/04(土) 22:14:04.95ID:p9UItgfEa (ムッソリーニの逸話)
Benito Mussolini was a fierce anti-Semite, who proudly said that his hatred for Jews preceded Adolf Hitler’s and vowed to “destroy them all”, according to previously un・published diaries by the Fascist dictator’s longtime mistress. According to the diaries, Mussolini also talked about the warm reception he received from Hitler at the 1938 Munich conference―he called the German leader a “softy”―and attacked Pope Pius \ for his criticism of Nazism and Fascism. On a more intimate note, Mussolini was explicit about his sexual appetites for his mistress and said he regretted having affairs with several other women.・・・・(Mistress’ diary: Mussolini fierce anti-Semite) 0343名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa13-7SiO)2020/04/04(土) 22:16:06.27ID:p9UItgfEa (ヒトラー生存説のパラドックス)
The assertion by American researchers that Hitler might have escaped from Berlin because a skull fragment in a Moscow archive was not his but a young woman’s is rich in paradox. Stalin went to great lengths in 1945 to conceal the fact that Hitler’s body had been identified by pathologists working for Smersh, the Soviet military counterintelligence agency. Stalin even misled his own commander to know why he had failed to find Hitler’s corpse. And Pravda declared that rumors of the discovery of Hitler’s body were a fascist provocation. Stalin ruled by creating fear and uncertainty among both subordinates at home and among his Western allies aboard, who were of course seen as potential enemies. Even after Hitler’s jaws, with their distinctive bridgework, had been identified by the assistant to the Fuhrer’s personal dentist, the Soviet authorities nurtured rumors that Hitler was hiding in Bavaria. As Bavaria was part of the American zone of occupation, the implication was that the Americans had concealed him and were somehow in league with the Nazis.・・・・ (Hitler’s jaws of death) 0344名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa13-7SiO)2020/04/04(土) 22:19:05.77ID:p9UItgfEa (エベレストの観光登山の悲惨)
More than 8,000m up, close to Everest’s south Col, dawn was just breaking when David O’Brien spotted what at first he thought was a rock lying in the snow. “As I got closer I could see the yellow of a down suit; it was a climber lying still on his side,”the British mountaineer said. “His oxygen mask was off and his nostrils were white, frostbitten. I asked him his name and what group he was with but only got a slurred, unrecognizable response.” Mr O’Brien and his team spent the next few hours trying to save the man, a Polish climber who had been abandoned by his team but who survived largely because of Mr o’Brien,who dragged him down the mountain.・・・ (Tourism tramples on peak of achievement) 0345名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa13-7SiO)2020/04/04(土) 22:21:01.85ID:p9UItgfEa エバーグリーンのニシキヘビ退治
Kristen Hart’s search for a cold-blooded killer came to an end at a perfect hideout―thick scrub brush, dense trees and shade. She crouched with three scouts and whispered. “Do you see her?” asked Hart, a logical Survey. “yeah, she’s in there,” answered Thomas Selby, a wildlife biologist. “I think she knows we’re here,” said Brian Smith, another biologist. Within seconds, the 16 foot Burmese python uncoiled and quickly slithered off. What happened next is a drama that plays out every week or so as state and federal biologists try to prove―or disprove― that the giant invasive snakes are the reason for the near disappearance of rabbits, opossums, raccoons, foxes and even bobcats in the southernmost section of the 1.5 million-acre Everglades. Smith and Selby charged into the trees. “I’ve got the head!” Smith shouted. ”Grab the tail!”They stumbled out with the writhing snake in a chokehold, huge mouth agape, ready to bite.・・・・(Putting the squeeze on pythons) 0346名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 0d92-7z6n)2020/04/05(日) 00:51:09.94ID:0sGfq/4S0>>339 どうだろうね。新聞も最近はコロナばかりだし。 0347名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/08(水) 09:46:29.58ID:R4ZlnuEsa The years of Extermination(by Saul Friedlander)2007年・663頁
Within days admonishments from Tokyo reached the wayward consul; “Recently we discovered Lithuanians who posses our transit visas which you issued,” a cable of August 16 read. “They were traveling to America and Canada. Among them there are several people who do not possess enough money and who have not finished their procedure to receive their entry visas to the terminal countries. We cannot give them permission to land. And in regard to these cases, there were several instances that left us confused and we do not know what to do…. You must make sure that they have finished their procedure for their entry visas and also they must posses the travel money or the money that they need during their stay in Japan. Otherwise, you should not give them the transit visa.”
Sugihara remained undeterred: He continued signing visas even from the window of an already moving train as he and his family were leaving for Berlin. He issued more visas in Prague and possibly in Konigsberg. The German were certainly not adverse to the illegal departure of Jews from the territory of the Reich. Sugihara may have issued up to ten thousand visas, and possibly half the number of Jews who received them managed to survive. There is no concrete clue about his thoughts and motives: “I did not pay any attention [to consequences], ”he wrote in a postwar memoir, “and just acted according to my sense of human justice, out of love for mankind.”(194頁) 0349名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 7b92-ZMyd)2020/04/09(木) 08:34:22.65ID:bger7bbq0>>348 読んだ。 transit visas entry visas とあるんですが、transit visaを持つ場合に、 日本への入国ビザも所有しないといけないんですか? ドイツ-->日本経由-->アメリカ という移動をするユダヤ人についてですが。 日本には空港というか港にだけいるので、 入国ビザは必要ないのでは? 0350名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウウー Sabb-xr4x)2020/04/09(木) 14:57:02.28ID:v1MYQttsa>>349 「アメリカの入国ビザをもってない者に日本の通過ビザを発行してはならない」という日本外務省の通達 0351名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 7b92-kdbN)2020/04/09(木) 19:17:11.98ID:bger7bbq0>>350 ありがとう アメリカへの入国ビザなんてどうやって もらってたんですか?ナチスドイツにアメリカ 大使館はあったんですか? 0352名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウウーT Sabb-AglQ)2020/04/09(木) 21:20:52.11ID:v1MYQttsa おおざっぱな話ですが、まだ真珠湾以前のことなので日本国内では各国の大使館・領事館が通常の業務を行っていました
そこで、杉原案は「日本に一時滞在している間に受け入れ国の入国ビザを得たらいい」 一方、外務省の訓令は「確実に日本から出国する者(第三国の入国ビザを取得している、十分な財産を保有している)だけに 通過ピザを発行せよ」でした 0353名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/09(木) 22:26:35.71ID:q5nylcJua>>349 Wikipediaの「杉原千畝」の「命のビザ」の項目に通過ビザ発給の経緯が 詳しく書いてあります。 リトアニアからの脱出はシベリア鉄道でウラジオストックに行き、そこから 船で日本(敦賀)に渡り、さらに神戸や横浜から船で第三国(アメリカや カナダからオランダ領・・)に渡る。外国への船便も頻繁にあるわけでは ないから国から国への移動は大変だった。日本大使館に難民が殺到し 杉原がビザを発給し始めたのは1940年(昭和15年)8月10日。1週間後 には日本国外務省から訓令の要件を厳密に審査しビザを発給すべし との電文が届いた。しかし、杉原は構わず発給し続けた。こうして発給さ れた杉原ビザの受給者だが、半数は途中で殺されたりした。 そもそも杉原の本務は独ソの情報収集であった。「ドイツのソ連侵攻は 不可避」との杉原の的確で貴重な情報は、残念ながら日本の政策決定 に活用されることはなかったという。 0354名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/09(木) 22:29:06.87ID:q5nylcJua One of the most unlikely cases in many ways, however, was that of Chiune Sugihara, the Japanese consul in the Lithuanian capital, Kovno. Sugihara had been transferred from Helsinki to kovno in October 1939. When Lithuania was annexed by the Soviet Union, the Japanese consulate had to close down and, on August 31,1940, Sugihara was posted in Berlin, then Prague,later in Konigserg. From the outset Sugihara’s real mission had been to observe troop movements and related military developments. But. In order to keep up the appearances of his official cover, he performed all the regular functions of a genuine consul; mainly, he issued visas. On August 10, 1940, against instructions of the Foreign Ministry in Tokyo(or, at best, without any clear instructions whatever), Sugihara started issuing Japanese transit visas to all the Jews who reached his consulate, Almost none of them had an entrance permit to a country of final destination; many did not even have valid passports of any sort. (The Years of Extermination) 0355名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 7b92-kdbN)2020/04/09(木) 23:04:12.33ID:bger7bbq0 教えてくれてありがとう 外務省の職員には、自分の判断で独自にビザを出す権限があったんですね。 前にyoutubeでビデオを見たことがある。駅から出ようとしている汽車の窓から パスポートを受け取って、それに署名をしてわたしていた。そんなものでも通用 したみたいだ。確か、キャリアの人じゃないですよね。早稲田出身の人だった。 0356名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 7b92-kdbN)2020/04/09(木) 23:05:27.80ID:bger7bbq0 杉原千畝の名誉回復をしたのは自分だ、と鈴木宗男が自慢してる記事を読んだことが ある。(実際に宗男が大臣の時にやらせたことだけど) 0357名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイW 7b92-ZP4x)2020/04/10(金) 01:33:26.77ID:f+BdzHuU0>>347 どうでもいいことだと思いますが、リトワニアではなく、リトアニアだと思います。 0358名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/10(金) 08:04:09.45ID:xK6lY+HUa>>355 外務省の職員には、自分の判断で独自にビザを出す権限が あったんですね。
Adolf Hitler was born at half past six on the evening of 20 April 1889, in the Gasthof zum Pommer, an inn in the small town of Braunau on the River Inn which forms the frontier between Austria and Bavaria.
The Europe into which he was born and which he was to destroy gave an unusual impression of stability and permanence at the time of his birth. The Hapsburg Empire, of which his father was a minor official, has survived the storms of the 1860s, the loss of the Italian provinces, defeat by Prussia, even the transformation of the old Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Hapsburgs, the oldest of the great ruling houses, who had outlived the Turks, the French Revolution, and Napoleon, were a visible guarantee of continuity. (「Hitler a study in tyranny」冒頭) 0363名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/13(月) 21:43:41.78ID:sKZTLnNAa (ヒトラー、ドイツ陸軍に志願)
At least Austria would be compelled to fight, and could not, as he had always feared, betray her ally Germany. In any case,’ I believed that it was not a case of Austria fighting to get satisfaction from Serbia, but rather a case of Germany fighting for her own existence―the German nation for its own to be or not to be, for its freedom and for its future.(50頁)
On 1 August Hitler was in the cheering, singing crowd which gathered on the Odeons Platz to listen to the proclamation declaring war. In a chance photograph that excited and exultant; it is the face of a man who has come home at last. Two days later he addressed a formal petition to King Ludwig V of Bavaria, asking to be allowed to volunteer, although of Austrian nationality, for a Bavarian regiment. The reply granted his request. ‘I opened the document with trembling hands; no words of mine can describe the satisfaction I felt…Within a few days I was wearing that uniform which I was wearing that uniform which I was not to put off again for nearly six years.’(50頁) 0364名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/13(月) 21:46:51.13ID:sKZTLnNAa (陸軍でのヒトラー)
What sort of a soldier was Hitler? As early as December 1914,he had been awarded the iron Cross, Second Class, and when Hitler, in March 1932, brought a lawsuit against a newspaper which had accused him of cowardice, his former commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Engelhardt, testified to his bravery in the fighting of November 1914, when the regiment had first gone into action. Much more interesting is the Iron Cross, First Class, an uncommon decoration for a corporal, which Hitler was awarded in1918. The most varied and improbable accounts have been given of the action for which he won this. The date on which he received the award was 4 August 1918, but dates ranging over a been suggested for the exploit for which it was given. According say ten or twelve)Frenchmen; according to another they were Englishmen. Hitler was proud and which he habitually wore after he had become Chancellor.(52頁) 0365名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/13(月) 21:50:47.73ID:sKZTLnNAa (西部戦線、敗色濃くなるドイツ軍)
(July)Allies halt drive, push Germans back On the 24th, American troops scored big victories in villages between Ourcq and the Marne. After see-saw battles for the villages of Esieds and Trughy-Epieds, Americans forces finally ousted the Germans and gained another mile. While in retreat, the Kaiser’s men dodged a relentless shower of bombs, as Americans used heavy guns to disorganize the enemy’s rearguard movements. Heavy rains forced the Germans to leave machine guns behind in the mud. As German pride is humbled, France believes the end of the war is in sight. ”If the Germans can be beaten to this extent before the American have more than barely entered the fight, what sort of licking shall we be able to give them in October when we shall have a million American in line with us,” boasted the Paris press. 0366名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/13(月) 21:53:04.70ID:sKZTLnNAa (Sept)Allies hit German lines The Allied armies have penetrated the German lines in France, scoring major victories, capturing thousands of prisoners and deflating enemy resilience. German manpower is dwindling with each allied hit, worrying even the most optimistic Deutschlander. The stiff Allied push against the German lines has reduced the available German troop strength by 600,000since March.”We cannot get a substitute for men,” lamented a German college professor.
(Nov) Since Austria-Hungary surrendered November 3, the collapse of Germany was certain. It ran out of manpower;:its latest recruits were 14-years-old boys and men in their 60’s. It had no more food or supplies, due to the naval blockade. Internal unrest, fomented by Bolsheviks and liberals, shook the government. Yesterday, the Kaiser fled unceremoniously to Holland. 0367名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイW 7b92-ZP4x)2020/04/14(火) 07:29:32.62ID:Bmhw/pwD0 第一次大戦の終わりにドイツが負けていく様子を生き生きと描いてますね。 面白いなと思った。 0368名無しさん@英語勉強中 (オッペケ Sr5f-NjLT)2020/04/14(火) 08:01:01.67ID:6hInnSBfr 乙だなと思う 0369名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/14(火) 23:36:40.66ID:B2n6aoTOa (今日は引き続き世界史のおさらいだ。)
1918年11月11日、ドイツと連合国のあいだに休戦協定がむすばれた。ここに第一次 世界大戦は終了したのである。 0370名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/14(火) 23:45:23.39ID:B2n6aoTOa (Nov 9) Kaiser abdicates; German parties vie for power
Socialist demonstrators filled the streets of Germany today. Sailors mutinied and army troops seized command posts. Revolutionary fervor has overwhelmed the German people, and Kaiser Wilhelm U, nowhere to be seen, has been forced to abdicate. All over Germany, royalty has collapsed. King Louis V of Bavaria has fled. The Duke of Brunswick and five other kings, princes and grand dukes have all been chased from their castles. Socialists have seized power, and different factions are vying for leadership positions. The Social Democrats seem to have the upper hand, but they are afraid of being abandoned by the masses, who are being wooed by the radical independent socialists. Events unfolded today with blinding speed: 11:30 a.m. A telegram from the commander of the German armies addressed to the chancellery announces the imminent departure of Wilhelm from the German throne. Noon. The German Chancellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden, announces the official abdication of the Kaiser. 12:30 p.m. Special editions of newspapers reporting the abdication are printed and distributed in Berlin. 12:30 p.m. The chancellor receives the leadership of the Social Democratic Party in his office and turns his powers over to the President of the S.D.P., Friedrich Ebert. 0371名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/14(火) 23:47:58.84ID:B2n6aoTOa 2:00 From a window in the chancellery, Pilipp Scheidemann, the Social Democratic leader, announces to an enormous crowd the installation of the German republic. 3:00p.m. A new telegram from the military command to the chancellery: “His Majesty Wilhelm U, in order to avoid a bloodbath, is ready to abandon the German crown, but in no event will he give up his title as King of Prussia.” 3:30 p.m. The chancellery sends a telegram to military headquarters, saying it is not necessary to keep track of the location of Wilhelm U,since the news of his abdication was made public at noon. 4:00p.m. Karl Liebknecht, leader of the Spartacus party declares the birth of the “free socialist republic of Germany.” During the day, Ebert consolidated his new power. He is a socialist, but not a revolutionary. It is likely that he will distance himself from the independent socialists. The independents demand the formation of a soviet republic, patterned after the Russian model. 0372名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa3a-NKTU)2020/04/14(火) 23:49:21.66ID:B2n6aoTOa Throughout the country today, workers and soldiers are forming committees, and they hope to translate their popular support into political power. They insist upon radical social improvements, including better working conditions, housing and food. Wilhelm Uvirtually ignored social programs while he ruled. He was more interested in international affairs and military conquest. Occasionally,he advocated social reforms.But he was just as likely to respond to calls for social improvements with radicals flourished. And they took their cues for new and even revolutionary experiments from the Bolshevikes in Russia.
Germany’s setbacks on the field of battle this year seemed to seal Wilhelm’s fate. There are a number of people in the country who feel that Wilhelm’s imperialist machinations were partly responsible for the outbreak of the war. But he had little to do with military maneuvers on the field of battle. And President Wilson insisted on Wilhelm’s abdication as a pre-condition of peace negotiations.
Germans seek peace; Wilson rejects plea Oct.14 Germany’s pleas for a “peace with honor” were rejected by President Wilson in a document published this afternoon. Germany sought a settlement based on Wilson’s Fouteen Points, a charter seeking equitable treatment that Wilson drew in January. Now however, America has more at stake overseas. Wilson seeks guarantee of the safety of American soldiers. On October 4, Prince Max von Baden was appointed German Chancellor. One of his first acts was to sue for peace according to the January guidelines. Wilson thought von Baden was not willing to bend enough. The United States has sent four million troops to Europe;since January, nearly 50,000 have died. Wilson seeks assurances that the fighting is truly over.He demands an evacuation of all occupied territory. Germany must provide safeguards and guarantees of the Allies’military supremacy. Perhaps most important, he seeks some proof that Germany has “reformed,” a veiled request for the abdication of the Kaiser. 0374名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/16(木) 19:59:06.59ID:cJlevji7a Victory! Armistice signed by Germans(連合国勝利!停戦協定調印)
On November 8, Mattias Erzberger,head of the catholic centrists, led other German representatives to a spot outside Allied headquarters at Compiegne. They met with Marshal Foch, who took two days calculating the surrender demands. Germany was asked to give up its heavy guns and aircraft, 5,000 trucks,5,000 train engines and 150,000 railroad cars. Large warships and most of the submarines will be docked at Allied ports. German troops in Austria-Hungary, Rumania, Turkey and Russia must retreat at once. Territory west of the Rhine must be evacuated.
On November 11, Erzberger and his compatriots agreed to the terms and signed the armistice in Foch’s private railway car. 0375名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/16(木) 20:01:33.37ID:cJlevji7a 「背後のひと突き」の伝説」
ドイツ民族は他者に責任転嫁して、自分の行動を正当化する、いわゆる 心理学でいう「合理化」を常套とする。例えば、第二次世界大戦での暴虐、 ユダヤ人虐殺を「すべてはヒトラーとナチスのせいで自分達には責任はない。」と 総括したように。 第一次世界大戦の敗戦の責任も「背後からぐさりとやった卑怯者(社会民 主党・左翼)」のせいだと合理化したのである。 0376名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/16(木) 20:06:07.12ID:cJlevji7a The situation of the German army by November 1918 was in fact without hope. It was only a matter of time before it was driven back into Germany and destroyed. Yet, at the moment when the German Government signed the capitulation, the German Army still stood outside Germany’s frontiers and still preserved an unbroken front in the west. Moreover, although the initiative for ending the war had come from the High Command, from General Ludendorff himself, this fact was concealed. The High Command not only left the civil government, hithert denied any voice in the conduct of the war, to take the full responsibility for ending it, but tried to dissociate itself from the consequences of the decision into which it had rushed the Government against the cooler judgement of men like Prince Max. Here was the germ of the legend of the ‘Stab in the Back,’ (Hitler a study in tyranny..57頁)capitulation:降伏,Dissociate:切り離す 0377名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/16(木) 20:08:50.62ID:cJlevji7a The end of the war brought the collapse of the Imperial regime and the reluctant assumption of power by the democratic parties in the Reichstag. The Republican Government had to bear the odium of signing, first the surrender and then the peace this into the lie that the Social Democrats and the Republican parties had deliberately engineered the captitulation, betrayed Germany, and stabbed the German Army in the back, in order to hoist themselves into power. The fact that the Provisional Government, led by the Social Democrats, sacrificed party and class interests to the patriotic duty of holding Germany together in a crisis not of their making, was brushed aside. These were the ‘November criminals’, the scapegoats who had to be found if the Army and Nationalists were to rescue anything from the wreck of their hopes. Rarely has a more fraudulent lie been foisted on a people, yet it was persistently repeated and widely believed ―because so many wanted to believe it. (58頁) odium:汚名、悪評 0378名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウウーT Sa1b-Ho7r)2020/04/17(金) 04:15:55.48ID:nEOb8wABa 一点、気になるので書きますが ルーデンドルフはただの大将(ドイツには上級大将がいるので日本軍で言えば「中将格」)で 「最高司令官」にはほど遠い権限しかもってなかったわけです
Nov 30,1914; Hindenburg takes over on Eastern Front General Paul von Hindenburg was appointed Commander-in –Chief of the Austro-German forces on the Eastern Front at the start of this month which saw crucial developments in a long battle in Poland.
Aug 27,1916; Hindenburg in top post; Rumania in War The Kaiser has appointed Field Marshal von Hindenburg Chief of the German General Staff. The victor in the great battle of Tannenberg on the Eastern Front in 1914 replaces General Erich von Falkenhayn. General von Ludendorff, who has been Hindenburg’s chief of staff, assumes the post of first Quarter-master General or Army Chief of Staff. The two appointments were widely welcomed in the army and German political circles,Hindenburg and Ludendorff have proved to be a strong team in the past. (Chronicle of the 20th century) 0380名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/17(金) 17:57:20.59ID:zAMGEMmQa 何故、戦争が起きるのか?基本的には「勢力拡大」だろうと自分は思う。 自国の領土の開発振興をする。すると富も蓄積し、人口も増える。すると、 そのはけ口が必要になる。隣国が弱ければ隣国を侵略して征服する。 弱肉強食だ。あくなき欲望だ。その力と力の対立が時代を動かしてゆく。
Jan.12 Banner of revolution raised in Berlin Troops loyal to the German government crushed a revolutionary cell of Spartacists in Berlin tonight. But a week-long battle in the streets of the city has taken its toll. One correspondent reports he saw the bodies of hundreds of dead and wounded piled on sidewalks.
The trouble started at the beginning of the month, when at a meeting of the radical Spartacus League, Karl Liebknect and Rosa Luxemburg formed the German Communist Party. The new party demands a socialist republic. And it called for a boycott of the elections for the assembly on the 19th. At the same time, leftist socialists quit their government jobs all over the country. Only the Chief of the Berlin police, Erich Eichhorn, an independent socialist, stayed on the jobs. Ironically, it was the dismissal of Erichhorn by the Interior Ministry that sparked the rebellion. Liebknecht called on the workers of Berlin to revolt. One week ago tonight, leftist forces occupied newspaper offices and called on the working class to join their armed struggle.(下へ続く) 0384名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/18(土) 07:07:15.55ID:9g+phPyUa (続き) But the call to arms was virtually ignored. Most of the government. The Spartacists had bullets, but not enough supporters to pull the triggers. The insurrection was crushed. Liebknect and Luxemburg went into hiding. And their political theory was denounced by Friedrich Ebert, the acting Chancellor, “Bolshshevism,” he declared,” means the death of peace. And it means the death of liberty” 0385名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sadf-4mXn)2020/04/18(土) 07:09:42.98ID:9g+phPyUa Jan 16 Berlin revolutionary leaders assassinated
Karl Liebknect and Rosa Luxemburg, leader of the German Communist Party, have been killed in Berlin while in government custody. An independent socialist newspaper declared, “The blood is on the hands of the new government.The German proletariat will pass judgment upon them.”The government promised a complete investigation, and later, the officers in charge of the two prisoners were taken into custody.
Luxemburg was beaten senseless by s mob as troops tried to remove her from the Hotel Eden, where she had been interrogated. Then she was shot in the head and her body was dumped in a canal. It has not been recovered. Liebknect’s guards managed to sprit him from the mob in a car. One report says they shot him down in cold blood a short while later. The guards say they fired when Liebknect tried to escape. (Chronicle of the 20th century) 0386名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウウーT Sa1b-Ho7r)2020/04/18(土) 07:27:00.95ID:IyfvNzkBa>>382 政権もスパルタクス団も社会主義者で、ドイツ社会民主党出身者です
ただ「スパルタクス団が体制側」という誤解をされている方にそれら説明はかえって不親切だと思います 0389名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa6a-7wbc)2020/04/24(金) 21:47:11.12ID:KGFsMap2a 「Hitler, A STUDY IN TYRANNY」 ―邦訳は「アドルフ・ヒトラー」(みすず書房現代史体系)―
Just as Hitler ascribed to the ‘Aryan’ all the qualities and achievements which he admired, so all that he hated is embodied in another mythological figure, that of the Jew. There can be little doubt that Hitler believed what he said about the Jews; from first to last anti-Semitism is one of the most consistent themes in his career, the master idea which embraces the whole span of his thought. In whatever direction one follows Hitler’s train of thought, sooner or later one encounters the satanic figure of the Jew. The Jew is made the universal scapegoat.・・・・(407頁) 0390名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa6a-7wbc)2020/04/24(金) 21:50:12.66ID:KGFsMap2a BEYOND THE WALL (by CHRISTA LAIRD)
上記の「Hitler, A STUDY IN TYRANNY」は固い本だから、息抜きが必要だ。 本書は、イギリスの作家が書いた少年少女向きの本で、ワルシャワ・ゲットー から脱出して森の中での反ナチ・パルチザン活動に挺身した13歳の少年の 体験を描いている。 でも、ユダヤ人って何だ?人種なのか?宗教なのか?ヒトラーがそれほど 憎悪したものとは何だったのか? 反ユダヤ主義(anti-Semitism)は歴史的・宗教的淵源が多面的にあるようで、 単一民族の島国日本での体感的理解はなかなか難しい。しかし、この少年の 体験した悲劇は実際にあった話だ。人間の歴史と云うものはなんと過酷なものか!
She paused and added sadly, “Untill 1940 I thought of myself and my family as Polish, not Jewish. We’re not in any way religious and we’ve been here for generations. It was Hitler who taught me that I’m a Jew, Hitler with the help of all too many of my Polish compatriots,” (34頁) 0391名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 29f0-Hty+)2020/04/24(金) 23:01:22.43ID:XnPkJKLr0 このスレって物理とかバイオの本の話すると 徹底的に無視されるんだよね 0392名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイW 8492-q6K6)2020/04/25(土) 06:16:55.91ID:MgW+YIRs0 ヒトラーがやった革新的なこと、これがあったからヨーロッパ大陸を 制圧できたと言うものはなんなんだろう? 戦車で飛ばしながら攻撃すると言うのはロンメルの奇策だけど 偶然ロンメルのような軍人を持ってたから勝てたのかな? 0393名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワイーワ2W FF7a-8D65)2020/04/25(土) 09:54:17.72ID:u7vmQOzJF>>391 お互い無視し合っているし、過疎スレですから、どうぞどうぞ 0394名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 6696-1Gce)2020/04/25(土) 14:52:26.84ID:ZRuepqCp0>>391 おもしろい話題なら、物理の話でも乗るよ ちなみに、現在、下の一般向け量子重力理論のKindle本が安くなっている
Guns, Germs and Steel: A short history of everybody for the last 13,000 years 350円 https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00DQ8GDV80395名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa6a-7wbc)2020/04/25(土) 22:16:28.02ID:CANMB5Dza>>392 戦争は自給自足できなければ勝てない。 アメリカやソ連が強いのは国内で自給自足できるからだ。 ドイツは鉄や石炭は出るが石油は出ない。ドイツの地理的条件を 見れば、海上封鎖をされたらどうしようもない。
「ロシア侵攻」の理由を記述している「Hitler a study in tyranny」651頁の個所を 下に引用しておくから読んで下され。
そもそもドイツは、日本のようにアメリカからの石油禁輸や資産凍結とかで経済 的破滅に追い込まれた末の開戦ではないのだ。戦争なんかする必然性はなかっ たとさえ言える。 当時、ドイツの進むべき道は4つあった。増大する人口を抑制する道(the limitation of population)。国内の経済・産業を開発・振興させる道(internal colonization, the intensified development of the territory she already possessed)。通商国家でやって ゆく道(commercial expansion overseas on the model of England)。 これらは全て平和的な道だ。戦争をする必要はない。ヒトラーはこれらは敗北者主義 者(defeatist)の選択であると拒否した。 神聖ローマ帝国(962―1806)、独仏戦争後のホーエンツォレルン家の君臨したドイツ 帝国(1871〜1918)に続く、第三帝国(ドイツ民族の「生活圏」であるポーランド・ウクラ イナ・ウラルを含む東方植民地領有)建設がヒトラーの夢であり目的だった。 ヒトラーは政権を奪取するや、十数年前に「マイン・カンプ」で述べた政治思想 (ファンタジー)の妥協なき具現化に突き進んだ。誰も止められなかったのだ。 0401名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa6a-7wbc)2020/04/28(火) 22:10:43.16ID:ckKyK05qa (ロシア侵攻の理由)
At the time Hitler gave two reasons for his decision to attack Russia: the first, that Russia was preparing to attack Germany in the summer of 1941; the second, that Britain’s refusal to acknowledge defeat was due to her hopes of Russian and American intervention, and that Britain had actually entered into an alliance with Russia against Germany. The way to strike at Britain was thus to destroy her hopes of Russian aid. At most these arguments reinforced a decision already reached on other grounds. Hitler invaded Russia for the simple but sufficient reason that he had always meant to establish the foundations of his thousand-year Reich by the annexation of the territory lying between the Vistula and the Urals.(651頁)
「ヒトラーにとっては首都というだけのモスクワよりも工業地帯であるウクライナの方が 魅力的だったのである。モスクワはそれから攻めても遅くはない。」 (図説第二次世界大戦) 0404名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa9f-V2ll)2020/04/29(水) 09:26:00.02ID:4A7GTKLXa Hitler had chosen the south as the main theatre for his operations on the East Fronts in 1942, and powerful German forces drove fast down the corridor between the Don and Donetz rivers. While one wing pushed east towards the Volga at Stalingrad, the other drove past Rostov and, covering another four hundred and fifty miles, reached the Caucasus and the more westerly oilfield round Maikop in the first half of august.・・・ Hitler, however, made exactly the same mistake he had made the year before. Overestimating the German strength, he did not limit himself to his original objective, to reach the Volga and capture Stalingrad, but tried to break into the Caucasus with its valuable oilfields as well, thus dividing his forces and ending by gaining neither Stalingrad nor the oil.(「Hitler a study in tyranny」685頁) 0405名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa9f-V2ll)2020/04/29(水) 09:28:44.09ID:4A7GTKLXa ソ連降伏後の「将来計画」について
『ロシア人をウラル山脈の東側に追い払い、ドイツ人を中心としてノルウェー人、 スウェーデン人、デンマーク人、オランダ人を占領地に移し大農業地帯をつくる。 「30キロから40キロの環状地帯をつくり、そこに美しい農村を建設して最上級の 道路によって結びつけ」「ロシア人達はドイツ移民と全く別の世界に住まわせ、 なんの文明施設をも与えずに放置すればよい。・・・ このように、ヒトラー・ドイツのソ連に対する戦争は、領土や資源の獲得が最終 目的ではなかった。』(図説第二次世界大戦) 0406名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 8792-ewtv)2020/04/29(水) 11:37:21.09ID:meYnkcId0 アマゾンで本を買ったら、アマゾンが製本してる本?を買ってしまった。 紛らわしい。a room with a view.
「Hitler a study in tyranny」を継続して読んでいるが、長くて多岐にわたる ので飽きてしまったから、息抜きとして読んだ。 「The shadow of the wall」の続編だという。この本はアマゾンを見ると、 電子書籍では1,188円、ペーパーバックだと1,883円もしているではないか! つくづく洋書って高いと思う。 (そもそも電子書籍は単なる「閲覧権」の購入であって、読んだ後、紙の本と 違って中古品で売ることができない。タブレットでちまちまと見にくい。1回読 んだらもう読まないのに「閲覧権」の買い戻しもしない。電子書籍ぼったくりだ。 電子書籍、こんなもの買う人がいるねと思う。 おのれは貧乏人だから、たかが英語の勉強で無駄な金は使いたくないのだ。 「Beyond the wall」、この本は200円で買った中古本だ。古本屋をまめに巡回し、 興味を少しでもひいた本があればジャンルを問わず買っておく。随分前に ヤフオクで「洋書まとめていくら」とかで100冊買ったのは正解だった。結構、 中に掘り出し物が入っていた。 中古の洋書も最近ではろくなものしかない。紙の洋書を中古市場に出す人間 がいなくなった。電子書籍が普及しだした。まっとうな洋書が読める人間がい なくなった。これらで市場が縮小しているからしかたがないか。 …うじうじと言ってしまったw!)
さて、本書は「The shadow of the wall」の続編で、ユダヤ人の「Misha」が閉鎖の 迫るワルシャワの「ユダヤ人ゲットー」を脱出した後のストーリーである。 反ナチパルチザンの活動、淡い恋心、同志との別れ、祖国が共産化により逃亡 生活、戦後は差別と闘いながらイギリスで苦しい生活を続けた体験を、親子関係 の問題がある連れ子の息子に語るという形式となっている。 「Hitler a study in tyranny」の文体と違い、少年少女向きの簡単な文体だから頭を 悩まされず気楽に読めた。 0408名無しさん@英語勉強中 (ワッチョイ 8792-ewtv)2020/05/03(日) 21:02:10.93ID:Ri2qiKv00 老人と海買ったら、アマゾン版の illustratedの本が送られてきて、 ペーパーバックだと思ってたらやたら大きさが大きいし、字が大きい。 日本のアマゾンが作った本みたいで、またかと思った。 0409名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa9f-V2ll)2020/05/04(月) 09:22:57.78ID:lv3K+kYga Beyond the wall (by Christa Laird)からユダヤ人差別とかを示唆 するいくつかの個所を抜粋してみた。
On the one hand, he believed that because Jews had killed Christ they were a marked or cursed people, and as such probably deserved whatever came their way.(176頁)
Was the kindly-faced priest on the park bench one of those who on Sundays preached venomous sermons against those arch-enemies of Christianity, those murderers of Christ, the Jews?(190頁)
Like Eva’s, Jewishness had never seemed a particularly important part of either myself or of my family life―until the occupying forces made it the most significant thing about us. We were not religious and my parents, though not well off and belonging to the class of small business people, had always set a lot of store by education,making sure that we spoke Polish as well as Yiddish ―which we did, much better than they did, in fact.(35頁)
“Jan―that is how you will be called from now on, because your Aryan looks mean that we shall be sending you out among the enemy ―I'm afraid we were going to have to ask you a great many detailed questions about your experience of things in Warsaw.・・・・“(39頁)
But the Germans were not the only enemy to be reckoned with. Around this time there were more attacks against Jews by members of Polish extremist groups. It was not a straightforward struggle between Poles, Russians and Jews on the one hand and Nazis on the other; anti-Semitism and fear of communism made it a very much more complicated and fragmented picture than that.(158頁) 0410名無しさん@英語勉強中 (アウアウエーT Sa9f-V2ll)2020/05/04(月) 09:29:52.90ID:lv3K+kYga 上のようなセンテンスがあるストーリーを読みながら、すこし考えてみた。 ユダヤ人差別・迫害の背景については身近でないし歴史や文化も異なる。 よく理解できないところがあるが、自分なりに考えてみたのだ。
It is too much like those boys who used to be sent to Paris with two years in which to make good as writers or painters after which, if they had not made good, they could go home and into their father’s business. The way to hunt is for as long as you live against as long as there is such and such an animal; just as the way to paint is as long as there is you and colors and canvas, and to write as long as you can live and there is pencil and paper or ink or any machine to do it with, or anything you care to write about, and you feel a fool, and you are a fool, to do it any other way. (Green hills of Africa) 0427名無しさん@英語勉強中 (コードモ 8792-ewtv)2020/05/05(火) 20:50:40.39ID:2x0Mf28x00505 訳してみた。解答よろしく
Now it is pleasant to hunt something that you want very much over a long period of time, being outwitted, out-maneuvered, and failing at the end of each day, but having the hunt and knowing every time you are out that, sooner or later, your luck will change and that you will get the chance that you are seeking. But it is not pleasant to have a time limit by which you must get your kudu or perhaps never get it, nor even see one. (Green hills of Africa) kudo=でかい牛(バイソン) 0429名無しさん@英語勉強中 (コードモT Sa9f-V2ll)2020/05/05(火) 21:05:52.13ID:FZW0bzzsa0505 コロナが猛威をふるっている。英語とは関係ないけど・・・・・ 中国語では『中国湖南省武漢市出現一種新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎 (簡称”新型肺炎“)。据中国国家衛健委発布的最新消息、 感染者的症状是発熱、干咳、然后出現胸痛悶、呼吸困難・・・』となる。 漢文というより日本語からの輸入だよね。中華人民共和国の人民と 共和国も日本由来の輸入語。 漢字が共通なのだから筆談で意思が通じる。小学生に漢字を教える時、 漢読み訓読みのほかにピンインを同時に教えれば中国語が話せるよう になっていいと思うな。中国と日本は同文同種なのだから。
August 1919, a sister of his, with her husband and their two sons, died of Spanish fever. The epidemic, in certain areas, has left a frightful memory. There were no doctors, no medicines, no food. It was during the worst summer heat. The deaths outnumbered those of the war. And the corpses remained unburied for days, since there was not enough wood for the coffins. (「History」by Elsa Morante・43頁) 0430名無しさん@英語勉強中 (コードモ 8792-ewtv)2020/05/05(火) 21:30:53.57ID:2x0Mf28x00505>>424で書いてた単語の訳つきの本は 華麗なるギャツビー [英語版ルビ訳付] 講談社ルビー・ブックス 0431名無しさん@英語勉強中 (コードモ 8792-ewtv)2020/05/05(火) 21:40:13.80ID:2x0Mf28x00505>>428 今では、長い間欲しがっている物の 狩りをするのは楽しい。 いっぱい食わせられて、結局毎日の終わりに なって失敗し、しかしそれでも狩りをして 毎回失敗するごとに、遅かれ早かれ運は変わるだろう、 そして自分が求めている機会を得るだろうと知るのは。 だけど時間に制限を設けられてバイソンを狩って、 おそらくバイソンを決して得られなかったり、見ることさえ なかったりするのは嬉しくない。